XMM-Newton Large Programme Details



PROPOSAL OVERVIEW
Proposal Title Taking the beat of the UNSeEN (The Ultraluminous NS populatioN of ULXs)
Proposal Category White Dwarf Binaries, Neutron Star Binaries, Cataclysmic Variables, ULXs and Black Holes
Proposal Type LARGE PROGRAM
Proposal Id 082445
Number of Observations 10
Total exposure time (ks) 999

PI DETAILS
PI Prof Gian Luca Israel
Institute National Institute for Astroph
Country ITALY

CO-INVESTIGATORS
Name Country
G. Rodriguez Castillo ITALY
F. Bernardini ITALY
H. Earnshaw UNITED KINGDOM
T. Roberts UNITED KINGDOM
M. Bachetti ITALY
A. De Luca ITALY
A. Tiengo ITALY
A. Belfiore ITALY
R. Turolla ITALY
F. Harrison UNITED STATES
L. Zampieri ITALY
F. Pintore ITALY
M. Middleton UNITED KINGDOM
P. Esposito NETHERLANDS
F. Fuerst SPAIN
D. Walton UNITED KINGDOM
M. Brightman UNITED STATES
F. Haberl GERMANY
A. Wolter ITALY
P. Casella ITALY

ABSTRACT
Due to their super-Eddington (L_Edd) X-ray luminosity ULXs have long been considered the ideal sample where to look for BHs of intermediate mass. The discovery of three ULXs showing pulsations unambiguously associated them to NSs exceeding 500 times their L_Edd. These discoveries challenge our understanding of accretion physics and pose a key question about the nature of the ULXs: are they a population hosting both BHs and NSs, or is there a dominant new NS population with extreme properties? This proposal involves a large fraction of the ULX community and is aimed at answering the above question by tripling the number of ULXs where sensitive searches for X-ray pulsations and cyclotron features can be carried out. We expect to detect 2-3 new PULXs, thus doubling the current sample.

PAPERS
Authors marked in red are (co-)investigators in the proposal

Classification of papers are:
- CLASS 1:   papers that present specific XMM-Newton observations
- CLASS 2: papers that refer to published XMM-Newton results with complementary observations, follow-up analysis, or theoretical analysis
- CLASS 3: further deliveries which resulted from the program and which are made available to the community (e.g. source catalogues, processed images or spectra in public data base)
- CLASS 4: comments and suggestions from PI

CLASS 1 (30 references)
  1. " X-ray spectral variability of low ionization nuclear emission line regions (LINERs) "
    Hernández-García, L.; González-Martín, O.; Masegosa, J.; Márquez, I.;
    2015 - Highlights of Spanish Astrophysics VIII, Proceedings of the XI Scientific Meeting of the Spanish Astronomical Society held on September 8-12, 2014, in Teruel, Spain, ISBN 978-84-606-8760-3. A. J. Cenarro, F. Figueras, C. Hernández-Monteagudo, J. Trujillo Bueno, and L. Valdivielso (eds.), p. 228-233
    Number of Citations: 0
    https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/search/q=bibcode:2015hsa8.conf..228H
    DOI: null

  2. " A Long Hard-X-Ray Look at the Dual Active Galactic Nuclei of M51 with NuSTAR "
    Brightman, M.; Balokovic, M.; Koss, M.; Alexander, D. M.; Annuar, A.; Earnshaw, H.; Gandhi, P.; Harrison, F. A.; Hornschemeier, A. E.; Lehmer, B.; Powell, M. C.; Ptak, A.; Rangelov, B.; Roberts, T. P.; Stern, D.; Walton, D. J.; Zezas, A.;
    2018 - The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 867, Issue 2, article id. 110, pp. (2018).
    Number of Citations: 8
    https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/search/q=bibcode:2018ApJ...867..110B
    DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aae1ae

  3. " M51 ULX-7: superorbital periodicity and constraints on the neutron star magnetic field "
    Vasilopoulos, G.; Lander, S. K.; Koliopanos, F.; Bailyn, C. D.;
    2020 - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Volume 491, Issue 4, p.4949-4959
    Number of Citations: 7
    https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/search/q=bibcode:2020MNRAS.491.4949V
    DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stz3298

  4. " The Ultraluminous X-Ray Sources Population of the Galaxy NGC 7456 "
    Pintore, F.; Marelli, M.; Salvaterra, R.; Israel, G. L.; Rodriguez Castillo, G. A.; Esposito, P.; Belfiore, A.; De Luca, A.; Wolter, A.; Mereghetti, S.; Stella, L.; Rigoselli, M.; Earnshaw, H. P.; Pinto, C.; Roberts, T. P.; Walton, D. J.; Bernardini, F.; Haberl, F.; Salvaggio, C.; Tiengo, A.; Zampieri, L.; Bachetti, M.; Brightman, M.; Casella, P.; D'Agostino, D.; Dall'Osso, S.; Fuerst, F.; Harrison, F. A.; Mapelli, M.; Papitto, A.; Middleton, M.;
    2020 - The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 890, Issue 2, id.166, pp. (2020)
    Number of Citations: 1
    https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/search/q=bibcode:2020ApJ...890..166P
    DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab6ffd

  5. " Spectral Modeling of Charge Exchange in the Central Region of M51 "
    Yang, Hang; Zhang, Shuinai; Ji, Li;
    2020 - The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 894, Issue 1, id.22, pp. (2020)
    Number of Citations: 0
    https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/search/q=bibcode:2020ApJ...894...22Y
    DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab80c9

  6. " Swift Monitoring of M51: A 38 day Superorbital Period for the Pulsar ULX7 and a New Transient Ultraluminous X-Ray Source "
    Brightman, Murray; Earnshaw, Hannah; Fuerst, Felix; Harrison, Fiona A.; Heida, Marianne; Israel, Gianluca; Pike, Sean; Stern, Daniel; Walton, Dominic J.;
    2020 - The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 895, Issue 2, id.127, pp. (2020)
    Number of Citations: 1
    https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/search/q=bibcode:2020ApJ...895..127B
    DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab7e2a

  7. " Discovery of a 2.8 s Pulsar in a 2 Day Orbit High-mass X-Ray Binary Powering the Ultraluminous X-Ray Source ULX-7 in M51 "
    Rodriguez Castillo, G. A.; Israel, G. L.; Belfiore, A.; Bernardini, F.; Esposito, P.; Pintore, F.; De Luca, A.; Papitto, A.; Stella, L.; Tiengo, A.; Zampieri, L.; Bachetti, M.; Brightman, M.; Casella, P.; D'Agostino, D.; Dall'Osso, S.; Earnshaw, H. P.; Fuerst, F.; Haberl, F.; Harrison, F. A.; Mapelli, M.; Marelli, M.; Middleton, M.; Pinto, C.; Roberts, T. P.; Salvaterra, R.; Turolla, R.; Walton, D. J.; Wolter, A.;
    2020 - The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 895, Issue 1, id.60, pp. (2020)
    Number of Citations: 22
    https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/search/q=bibcode:2020ApJ...895...60R
    DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab8a44

  8. " Linking Soft Excess in Ultraluminous X-Ray Sources with Optically Thick Wind Driven by Supercritical Accretion "
    Qiu, Yanli; Feng, Hua;
    2021 - The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 906, Issue 1, id.36, pp.
    Number of Citations: 0
    https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/search/q=bibcode:2021ApJ...906...36Q
    DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/abc959

  9. " Possible Periodic Dips in the Pulsating Ultraluminous X-Ray Source M51 ULX-7 "
    Hu, Chin-Ping; Ueda, Yoshihiro; Enoto, Teruaki;
    2021 - The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 909, Issue 1, id.5, pp.
    Number of Citations: 0
    https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/search/q=bibcode:2021ApJ...909....5H
    DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/abd7a5

  10. " Long-term X-ray spectral evolution of ultraluminous X-ray sources: implications on the accretion flow geometry and the nature of the accretor "
    Gurpide, A.; Godet, O.; Koliopanos, F.; Webb, N.; Olive, J. -F.;
    2021 - Astronomy & Astrophysics, Volume 649, id.A104, pp.
    Number of Citations: 1
    https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/search/q=bibcode:2021A&A...649A.104G
    DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202039572

  11. " Spectral state transitions in Circinus ULX5 "
    Mondal, Samaresh; Rozanska, Agata; Baginska, Patrycja; Markowitz, Alex; De Marco, Barbara;
    2021 - Astronomy & Astrophysics, Volume 651, id.A54, pp.
    Number of Citations: 1
    https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/search/q=bibcode:2021A&A...651A..54M
    DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202140459

  12. " Optical counterparts of ULXs in two dwarf galaxies: NGC 4861 and NGC 4449 "
    Ozdogan Ela, M.; Akyuz, A.; Aksaker, N.; Avdan, S.; Akkaya Oralhan, I. Akkaya; Vinokurov, A.; Allak, S.; Solovyeva, Y.; Atapin, K.; Bizyaev, D.;
    2021 - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Volume 505, Issue 1, pp.771-782
    Number of Citations: 0
    https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/search/q=bibcode:2021MNRAS.505..771O
    DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stab1321

  13. " Evidence for Fe Kalpha line and soft X-ray lag in NGC 7456 ultraluminous X-ray source-1 "
    Mondal, Samaresh; Rozanska, Agata; De Marco, Barbara; Markowitz, Alex;
    2021 - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters, Volume 505, Issue 1, pp.L106-L111
    Number of Citations: 0
    https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/search/q=bibcode:2021MNRAS.505L.106M
    DOI: 10.1093/mnrasl/slab061

  14. " Ionized emission and absorption in a large sample of ultraluminous X-ray sources "
    Kosec, P.; Pinto, C.; Reynolds, C. S.; Guainazzi, M.; Kara, E.; Walton, D. J.; Fabian, A. C.; Parker, M. L.; Valtchanov, I.;
    2021 - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Volume 508, Issue 3, pp.3569-3588
    Number of Citations: 0
    https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/search/q=bibcode:2021MNRAS.508.3569K
    DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stab2856

  15. " A possible planet candidate in an external galaxy detected through X-ray transit "
    Di Stefano, Rosanne; Berndtsson, Julia; Urquhart, Ryan; Soria, Roberto; Kashyap, Vinay L.; Carmichael, Theron W.; Imara, Nia;
    2021 - Nature Astronomy, Volume 5, p. 1297-1307
    Number of Citations: 2
    https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/search/q=bibcode:2021NatAs...5.1297D
    DOI: 10.1038/s41550-021-01495-w

  16. " Evolution of the Spin, Spectrum and Superorbital Period of the Ultraluminous X-Ray Pulsar M51 ULX7 "
    Brightman, Murray; Bachetti, Matteo; Earnshaw, Hannah; Fuerst, Felix; Heida, Marianne; Israel, Gian Luca; Pike, Sean; Stern, Daniel; Walton, Dominic J.;
    2022 - The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 925, Issue 1, id.18, pp.
    Number of Citations: 0
    https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/search/q=bibcode:2022ApJ...925...18B
    DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac3829

  17. " NuSTAR Observations of 52 Compton-thick Active Galactic Nuclei Selected by the Swift/Burst Alert Telescope All-sky Hard X-Ray Survey "
    Tanimoto, Atsushi; Ueda, Yoshihiro; Odaka, Hirokazu; Yamada, Satoshi; Ricci, Claudio;
    2022 - The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Volume 260, Issue 2, id.30, pp.
    Number of Citations: 0
    https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/search/q=bibcode:2022ApJS..260...30T
    DOI: 10.3847/1538-4365/ac5f59

  18. " Magnetic fields and hot gas in M 101 "
    Wezgowiec, M.; Beck, R.; Hanasz, M.; Soida, M.; Ehle, M.; Dettmar, R. -J.; Urbanik, M.;
    2022 - Astronomy & Astrophysics, Volume 664, id.A108, pp.
    Number of Citations: 0
    https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/search/q=bibcode:2022A&A...664A.108W
    DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202243874

  19. " A Multiepoch X-Ray Study of the Nearby Seyfert 2 Galaxy NGC 7479: Linking Column Density Variability to the Torus Geometry "
    Pizzetti, A.; Torres-Alba, N.; Marchesi, S.; Ajello, M.; Silver, R.; Zhao, X.;
    2022 - The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 936, Issue 2, id.149, pp.
    Number of Citations: 0
    https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/search/q=bibcode:2022ApJ...936..149P
    DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac86c6

  20. " X-Ray Spectroscopic Evidence of Charge Exchange Emission in the Disk of M51 "
    Zhang, Shuinai; Wang, Q. Daniel; Sun, Wei; Long, Min; Sun, Jia; Ji, Li;
    2022 - The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 941, Issue 1, id.68, pp.
    Number of Citations: 0
    https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/search/q=bibcode:2022ApJ...941...68Z
    DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aca01a

  21. " The Extragalactic Population of Accreting Neutron Stars and the Ultraluminous X-ray Sources Paradigm: from ULTraS to PULSULTraS "
    Israel, G. L.; de Luca, A.; Bachetti, M.; Belfiore, A.; Esposito, P.; Imbrogno, M.; Miraval Zanon, A.; Pisanu, F.; Rodriguez Castillo, G. A.; Salvaterra, R.; Tiengo, A.; Wolter, A.; Ultras Team; Pulsultras Team;
    2022 - Memorie della Societa Astronomica Italiana, Vol. 93, No. 2-3, 2022, p. 34
    Number of Citations: 0
    https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/search/q=bibcode:2022MmSAI..93b..34I
    DOI: 10.48550/arXiv.2302.14137

  22. " Ultraluminous X-ray sources "
    King, Andrew; Lasota, Jean-Pierre; Middleton, Matthew;
    2023 - New Astronomy Reviews, Volume 96, article id. 101672.
    Number of Citations: 0
    https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/search/q=bibcode:2023NewAR..9601672K
    DOI: 10.1016/j.newar.2022.101672

  23. " Multi-epoch hard X-ray view of Compton-thick AGN Circinus Galaxy "
    Kayal, Abhijit; Singh, Veeresh; Ricci, Claudio; Mithun, N. P. S.; Vadawale, Santosh; Dewangan, Gulab; Gandhi, Poshak;
    2023 - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Volume 522, Issue 3, pp.4098-4115
    Number of Citations: 0
    https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/search/q=bibcode:2023MNRAS.522.4098K
    DOI: 10.48550/arXiv.2305.10745

  24. " Exploring X-Ray Properties of Low-metallicity Dwarf Galaxies "
    Cann, Jenna M.; Weaver, Kimberly A.; Pfeifle, Ryan W.; Secrest, Nathan J.; Satyapal, Shobita; Gliozzi, Mario;
    2024 - The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 961, Issue 2, id.178, 11 pp.
    Number of Citations: 1
    https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/search/q=bibcode:2024ApJ...961..178C
    DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ad117e

  25. " The XMM-Newton Line Emission Analysis Program (X-LEAP). I. Emission-line Survey of O VII, O VIII, and Fe L-shell Transitions "
    Pan, Zeyang; Qu, Zhijie; Bregman, Joel N.; Liu, Jifeng;
    2024 - The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Volume 271, Issue 2, id.62, 18 pp.
    Number of Citations: 1
    https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/search/q=bibcode:2024ApJS..271...62P
    DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stad3885

  26. " From Active Stars to Black Holes: A Discovery Tool for Galactic X-Ray Sources "
    Rodriguez, Antonio C.;
    2024 - Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Volume 136, Issue 5, id.054201, 17 pp.
    Number of Citations: 0
    https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/search/q=bibcode:2024PASP..136e4201R
    DOI: 10.1088/1538-3873/ad357c

  27. " Skipping a beat: Discovery of persistent quasi-periodic oscillations associated with pulsed fraction drop of the spin signal in M51 ULX-7 "
    Imbrogno, Matteo; Motta, Sara Elisa; Amato, Roberta; Israel, Gian Luca; Rodríguez Castillo, Guillermo Andres; Brightman, Murray; Casella, Piergiorgio; Bachetti, Matteo; Fürst, Felix; Stella, Luigi; Pinto, Ciro; Pintore, Fabio; Tombesi, Francesco; Gúrpide, Andrés; Middleton, Matthew J.; Salvaggio, Chiara; Tiengo, Andrea; Belfiore, Andrea; De Luca, Andrea; Esposito, Paolo; Wolter, Anna; Earnshaw, Hannah P.; Walton, Dominic J.; Roberts, Timothy P.; Zampieri, Luca; Marelli, Martino; Salvaterra, Ruben;
    2024 - Astronomy & Astrophysics, Volume 689, id.A284, 14 pp.
    Number of Citations: 0
    https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/search/q=bibcode:2024A&A...689A.284I
    DOI: 10.48550/arXiv.2407.12904

  28. " Probing the soft X-ray properties and multi-wavelength variability of SN2023ixf and its progenitor "
    Panjkov, Sonja; Auchettl, Katie; Shappee, Benjamin J.; Do, Aaron; Lopez, Laura; Beacom, John F.;
    2024 - Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia, Volume 41, article id. e059
    Number of Citations: 10
    https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/search/q=bibcode:2024PASA...41...59P
    DOI: 10.48550/arXiv.2408.01501

  29. " Spectral Calculations of 3D Radiation Magnetohydrodynamic Simulations of Super-Eddington Accretion onto a Stellar-mass Black Hole "
    Mills, Brianna S.; Davis, Shane W.; Jiang, Yan-Fei; Middleton, Matthew J.;
    2024 - The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 974, Issue 2, id.166, 16 pp.
    Number of Citations: 0
    https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/search/q=bibcode:2024ApJ...974..166M
    DOI: 10.48550/arXiv.2404.12431

  30. " Search for Young Stellar Objects within 4XMM-DR13 Using CatBoost and SPE "
    Ma, Xiangyao; Zhang, Yanxia; Zhang, Jingyi; Li, Changhua; Kang, Zihan; Li, Ji;
    2024 - The Astronomical Journal, Volume 168, Issue 5, id.210, 10 pp.
    Number of Citations: 0
    https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/search/q=bibcode:2024AJ....168..210M
    DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ad6e81