XMM-Newton Large Programme Details



PROPOSAL OVERVIEW
Proposal Title Taking the beat of the UNSeEN (The Ultraluminous NS populatioN of ULXs)
Proposal Category White Dwarf Binaries, Neutron Star Binaries, Cataclysmic Variables, ULXs and Black Holes
Proposal Type LARGE PROGRAM
Proposal Id 082445
Number of Observations 10
Total exposure time (ks) 999

PI DETAILS
PI Prof Gian Luca Israel
Institute National Institute for Astroph
Country ITALY

CO-INVESTIGATORS
Name Country
G. Rodriguez Castillo ITALY
F. Bernardini ITALY
H. Earnshaw UNITED KINGDOM
T. Roberts UNITED KINGDOM
M. Bachetti ITALY
A. De Luca ITALY
A. Tiengo ITALY
A. Belfiore ITALY
R. Turolla ITALY
F. Harrison UNITED STATES
L. Zampieri ITALY
F. Pintore ITALY
M. Middleton UNITED KINGDOM
P. Esposito NETHERLANDS
F. Fuerst SPAIN
D. Walton UNITED KINGDOM
M. Brightman UNITED STATES
F. Haberl GERMANY
A. Wolter ITALY
P. Casella ITALY

ABSTRACT
Due to their super-Eddington (L_Edd) X-ray luminosity ULXs have long been considered the ideal sample where to look for BHs of intermediate mass. The discovery of three ULXs showing pulsations unambiguously associated them to NSs exceeding 500 times their L_Edd. These discoveries challenge our understanding of accretion physics and pose a key question about the nature of the ULXs: are they a population hosting both BHs and NSs, or is there a dominant new NS population with extreme properties? This proposal involves a large fraction of the ULX community and is aimed at answering the above question by tripling the number of ULXs where sensitive searches for X-ray pulsations and cyclotron features can be carried out. We expect to detect 2-3 new PULXs, thus doubling the current sample.

PAPERS
Authors marked in red are (co-)investigators in the proposal

Classification of papers are:
- CLASS 1:   papers that present specific XMM-Newton observations
- CLASS 2: papers that refer to published XMM-Newton results with complementary observations, follow-up analysis, or theoretical analysis
- CLASS 3: further deliveries which resulted from the program and which are made available to the community (e.g. source catalogues, processed images or spectra in public data base)
- CLASS 4: comments and suggestions from PI

CLASS 1 (23 references)
  1. " A Long Hard-X-Ray Look at the Dual Active Galactic Nuclei of M51 with NuSTAR "
    Brightman, M.; Balokovic, M.; Koss, M.; Alexander, D. M.; Annuar, A.; Earnshaw, H.; Gandhi, P.; Harrison, F. A.; Hornschemeier, A. E.; Lehmer, B.; Powell, M. C.; Ptak, A.; Rangelov, B.; Roberts, T. P.; Stern, D.; Walton, D. J.; Zezas, A.;
    2018 - The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 867, Issue 2, article id. 110, pp. (2018).
    Number of Citations: 8
    https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/search/q=bibcode:2018ApJ...867..110B
    DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aae1ae

  2. " M51 ULX-7: superorbital periodicity and constraints on the neutron star magnetic field "
    Vasilopoulos, G.; Lander, S. K.; Koliopanos, F.; Bailyn, C. D.;
    2020 - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Volume 491, Issue 4, p.4949-4959
    Number of Citations: 7
    https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/search/q=bibcode:2020MNRAS.491.4949V
    DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stz3298

  3. " The Ultraluminous X-Ray Sources Population of the Galaxy NGC 7456 "
    Pintore, F.; Marelli, M.; Salvaterra, R.; Israel, G. L.; Rodriguez Castillo, G. A.; Esposito, P.; Belfiore, A.; De Luca, A.; Wolter, A.; Mereghetti, S.; Stella, L.; Rigoselli, M.; Earnshaw, H. P.; Pinto, C.; Roberts, T. P.; Walton, D. J.; Bernardini, F.; Haberl, F.; Salvaggio, C.; Tiengo, A.; Zampieri, L.; Bachetti, M.; Brightman, M.; Casella, P.; D'Agostino, D.; Dall'Osso, S.; Fuerst, F.; Harrison, F. A.; Mapelli, M.; Papitto, A.; Middleton, M.;
    2020 - The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 890, Issue 2, id.166, pp. (2020)
    Number of Citations: 1
    https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/search/q=bibcode:2020ApJ...890..166P
    DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab6ffd

  4. " Spectral Modeling of Charge Exchange in the Central Region of M51 "
    Yang, Hang; Zhang, Shuinai; Ji, Li;
    2020 - The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 894, Issue 1, id.22, pp. (2020)
    Number of Citations: 0
    https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/search/q=bibcode:2020ApJ...894...22Y
    DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab80c9

  5. " Swift Monitoring of M51: A 38 day Superorbital Period for the Pulsar ULX7 and a New Transient Ultraluminous X-Ray Source "
    Brightman, Murray; Earnshaw, Hannah; Fuerst, Felix; Harrison, Fiona A.; Heida, Marianne; Israel, Gianluca; Pike, Sean; Stern, Daniel; Walton, Dominic J.;
    2020 - The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 895, Issue 2, id.127, pp. (2020)
    Number of Citations: 1
    https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/search/q=bibcode:2020ApJ...895..127B
    DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab7e2a

  6. " Discovery of a 2.8 s Pulsar in a 2 Day Orbit High-mass X-Ray Binary Powering the Ultraluminous X-Ray Source ULX-7 in M51 "
    Rodriguez Castillo, G. A.; Israel, G. L.; Belfiore, A.; Bernardini, F.; Esposito, P.; Pintore, F.; De Luca, A.; Papitto, A.; Stella, L.; Tiengo, A.; Zampieri, L.; Bachetti, M.; Brightman, M.; Casella, P.; D'Agostino, D.; Dall'Osso, S.; Earnshaw, H. P.; Fuerst, F.; Haberl, F.; Harrison, F. A.; Mapelli, M.; Marelli, M.; Middleton, M.; Pinto, C.; Roberts, T. P.; Salvaterra, R.; Turolla, R.; Walton, D. J.; Wolter, A.;
    2020 - The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 895, Issue 1, id.60, pp. (2020)
    Number of Citations: 22
    https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/search/q=bibcode:2020ApJ...895...60R
    DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab8a44

  7. " Linking Soft Excess in Ultraluminous X-Ray Sources with Optically Thick Wind Driven by Supercritical Accretion "
    Qiu, Yanli; Feng, Hua;
    2021 - The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 906, Issue 1, id.36, pp.
    Number of Citations: 0
    https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/search/q=bibcode:2021ApJ...906...36Q
    DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/abc959

  8. " Possible Periodic Dips in the Pulsating Ultraluminous X-Ray Source M51 ULX-7 "
    Hu, Chin-Ping; Ueda, Yoshihiro; Enoto, Teruaki;
    2021 - The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 909, Issue 1, id.5, pp.
    Number of Citations: 0
    https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/search/q=bibcode:2021ApJ...909....5H
    DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/abd7a5

  9. " Long-term X-ray spectral evolution of ultraluminous X-ray sources: implications on the accretion flow geometry and the nature of the accretor "
    Gurpide, A.; Godet, O.; Koliopanos, F.; Webb, N.; Olive, J. -F.;
    2021 - Astronomy & Astrophysics, Volume 649, id.A104, pp.
    Number of Citations: 1
    https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/search/q=bibcode:2021A&A...649A.104G
    DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202039572

  10. " Spectral state transitions in Circinus ULX5 "
    Mondal, Samaresh; Rozanska, Agata; Baginska, Patrycja; Markowitz, Alex; De Marco, Barbara;
    2021 - Astronomy & Astrophysics, Volume 651, id.A54, pp.
    Number of Citations: 1
    https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/search/q=bibcode:2021A&A...651A..54M
    DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202140459

  11. " Optical counterparts of ULXs in two dwarf galaxies: NGC 4861 and NGC 4449 "
    Ozdogan Ela, M.; Akyuz, A.; Aksaker, N.; Avdan, S.; Akkaya Oralhan, I. Akkaya; Vinokurov, A.; Allak, S.; Solovyeva, Y.; Atapin, K.; Bizyaev, D.;
    2021 - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Volume 505, Issue 1, pp.771-782
    Number of Citations: 0
    https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/search/q=bibcode:2021MNRAS.505..771O
    DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stab1321

  12. " Evidence for Fe Kalpha line and soft X-ray lag in NGC 7456 ultraluminous X-ray source-1 "
    Mondal, Samaresh; Rozanska, Agata; De Marco, Barbara; Markowitz, Alex;
    2021 - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters, Volume 505, Issue 1, pp.L106-L111
    Number of Citations: 0
    https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/search/q=bibcode:2021MNRAS.505L.106M
    DOI: 10.1093/mnrasl/slab061

  13. " Ionized emission and absorption in a large sample of ultraluminous X-ray sources "
    Kosec, P.; Pinto, C.; Reynolds, C. S.; Guainazzi, M.; Kara, E.; Walton, D. J.; Fabian, A. C.; Parker, M. L.; Valtchanov, I.;
    2021 - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Volume 508, Issue 3, pp.3569-3588
    Number of Citations: 0
    https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/search/q=bibcode:2021MNRAS.508.3569K
    DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stab2856

  14. " A possible planet candidate in an external galaxy detected through X-ray transit "
    Di Stefano, Rosanne; Berndtsson, Julia; Urquhart, Ryan; Soria, Roberto; Kashyap, Vinay L.; Carmichael, Theron W.; Imara, Nia;
    2021 - Nature Astronomy, Volume 5, p. 1297-1307
    Number of Citations: 2
    https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/search/q=bibcode:2021NatAs...5.1297D
    DOI: 10.1038/s41550-021-01495-w

  15. " Evolution of the Spin, Spectrum and Superorbital Period of the Ultraluminous X-Ray Pulsar M51 ULX7 "
    Brightman, Murray; Bachetti, Matteo; Earnshaw, Hannah; Fuerst, Felix; Heida, Marianne; Israel, Gian Luca; Pike, Sean; Stern, Daniel; Walton, Dominic J.;
    2022 - The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 925, Issue 1, id.18, pp.
    Number of Citations: 0
    https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/search/q=bibcode:2022ApJ...925...18B
    DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac3829

  16. " NuSTAR Observations of 52 Compton-thick Active Galactic Nuclei Selected by the Swift/Burst Alert Telescope All-sky Hard X-Ray Survey "
    Tanimoto, Atsushi; Ueda, Yoshihiro; Odaka, Hirokazu; Yamada, Satoshi; Ricci, Claudio;
    2022 - The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Volume 260, Issue 2, id.30, pp.
    Number of Citations: 0
    https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/search/q=bibcode:2022ApJS..260...30T
    DOI: 10.3847/1538-4365/ac5f59

  17. " Magnetic fields and hot gas in M 101 "
    Wezgowiec, M.; Beck, R.; Hanasz, M.; Soida, M.; Ehle, M.; Dettmar, R. -J.; Urbanik, M.;
    2022 - Astronomy & Astrophysics, Volume 664, id.A108, pp.
    Number of Citations: 0
    https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/search/q=bibcode:2022A&A...664A.108W
    DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202243874

  18. " A Multiepoch X-Ray Study of the Nearby Seyfert 2 Galaxy NGC 7479: Linking Column Density Variability to the Torus Geometry "
    Pizzetti, A.; Torres-Alba, N.; Marchesi, S.; Ajello, M.; Silver, R.; Zhao, X.;
    2022 - The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 936, Issue 2, id.149, pp.
    Number of Citations: 0
    https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/search/q=bibcode:2022ApJ...936..149P
    DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ac86c6

  19. " X-Ray Spectroscopic Evidence of Charge Exchange Emission in the Disk of M51 "
    Zhang, Shuinai; Wang, Q. Daniel; Sun, Wei; Long, Min; Sun, Jia; Ji, Li;
    2022 - The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 941, Issue 1, id.68, pp.
    Number of Citations: 0
    https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/search/q=bibcode:2022ApJ...941...68Z
    DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aca01a

  20. " The Extragalactic Population of Accreting Neutron Stars and the Ultraluminous X-ray Sources Paradigm: from ULTraS to PULSULTraS "
    Israel, G. L.; de Luca, A.; Bachetti, M.; Belfiore, A.; Esposito, P.; Imbrogno, M.; Miraval Zanon, A.; Pisanu, F.; Rodriguez Castillo, G. A.; Salvaterra, R.; Tiengo, A.; Wolter, A.; Ultras Team; Pulsultras Team;
    2022 - Memorie della Societa Astronomica Italiana, Vol. 93, No. 2-3, 2022, p. 34
    Number of Citations: 0
    https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/search/q=bibcode:2022MmSAI..93b..34I
    DOI: 10.48550/arXiv.2302.14137

  21. " Ultraluminous X-ray sources "
    King, Andrew; Lasota, Jean-Pierre; Middleton, Matthew;
    2023 - New Astronomy Reviews, Volume 96, article id. 101672.
    Number of Citations: 0
    https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/search/q=bibcode:2023NewAR..9601672K
    DOI: 10.1016/j.newar.2022.101672

  22. " Multi-epoch hard X-ray view of Compton-thick AGN Circinus Galaxy "
    Kayal, Abhijit; Singh, Veeresh; Ricci, Claudio; Mithun, N. P. S.; Vadawale, Santosh; Dewangan, Gulab; Gandhi, Poshak;
    2023 - Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Volume 522, Issue 3, pp.4098-4115
    Number of Citations: 0
    https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/search/q=bibcode:2023MNRAS.522.4098K
    DOI: 10.48550/arXiv.2305.10745

  23. " Exploring X-Ray Properties of Low-metallicity Dwarf Galaxies "
    Cann, Jenna M.; Weaver, Kimberly A.; Pfeifle, Ryan W.; Secrest, Nathan J.; Satyapal, Shobita; Gliozzi, Mario;
    2024 - The Astrophysical Journal, Volume 961, Issue 2, id.178, 11 pp.
    Number of Citations: 1
    https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/search/q=bibcode:2024ApJ...961..178C
    DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ad117e