Abstract for Proposal 090137

Fast multi-lambda variability from a BH: speed, size and geometry of a jet

Correlated multi-lambda variability is a powerful tool for studying the physics of accretion and ejection in X-ray binaries. Using simultaneous X-ray and IR data we secured the first unambiguous detection of sub-second IR variability from a jet, allowing us to estimate the jet speed and size. Further data yielded the first IR detections of various quasi-periodic oscillations (types B and C), showing how the jet properties depend on the spectral state. We propose to monitor the evolution of a BH outburst with XMM, simultaneously with ground-based facilities, to apply this technique to multiple states. We ask to perform 20 short XMM observations (7 ks each) to cover the different outburst stages. We will track energetic and geometrical changes in the jet, and its relation with the inflow.



Details on Observing Strategy and Trigger Criteria
We will activate our program as soon as a (known or new) BH is reported in outburst by any ground- or space-based facility, including MAXI, Swift, NuSTAR, XMM itself. Reaction time: as we aim at monitoring the full outburst, we do not require fast reaction time. We can do with observations scheduled one week or more after the trigger, depending on the XMM schedule complexity and/or on night time at ground-based facilities. Observing strategy: we are very flexible on this as well. We will agree on a provisional strategy upon trigger, and we will then follow closely the source evolution and in case modify the strategy as needed. As for the trigger, we will do this with more than one week notice.